Vale’s first ore carrier equipped with air lubrication system is scheduled to arrive in Brazilian waters in August.
The world’s second-largest shipper of iron ore is testing a technique supplied by the English manufacturer Silverstream in which compressors send air to devices under vessels, forming a carpet of bubbles that reduces friction between the hull and the water.
The company expects to reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from navigation.
The technology, known as air lubrication, was installed in the Sea Victoria, a Guaibamax with a capacity of 325 thousand tonnes.
Vale’s navigation team estimates that, if the test is successful, the technology could be replicated on the remainder of the contracted fleet dedicated to transporting the company’s ore.
“Conservative estimates point to a fuel reduction of around 5 to 8%, with a potential reduction of 4.4% in annual emissions from Vale´s maritime transport of iron ore”, explained Vale technical manager of Navigation, Rodrigo Bermelho.
The miner is stepping up environmental, social and governance efforts after recent tailings dam disasters.
Recently, Vale announced the launch of the world’s first ore carrier equipped with rotor sails, scheduled to arrive in Brazil at the end of the month. Like air lubrication, the new technology was installed on a Guaibamax.
Canada is considered one of the world’s premier mining jurisdictions thanks to its refined financial services industry, skilled workforce and robust regulatory environment. The Toronto Stock Exchange is the world’s leading public platform for mining companies to raise the capital required to conduct their mineral exploration, mine development and mining operations. The following companies are the top ten Canadian-headquartered mining companies, ranked according to market capitalization as of June 3, and compiled by our sister company MiningIntelligence.
Barrick Gold
Market cap: C$51.74 billion ($42.89 billion)
Barrick Gold (TSX: ABX; NYSE: GOLD) has gold and copper mining operations and projects in 13 countries in North and South America, Africa, Papua New Guinea and Saudi Arabia.
Its diversified portfolio spans many of the world’s prolific gold districts, and the company is focused on high margin, long-life assets.
Barrick operates six ‘tier one’ gold assets: Carlin (including the former Goldstrike operation) and Cortez, both in Nevada; Loulo-Gounkoto in Mali, Kibali in the Democratic Republic of Congo; Pueblo Viejo in the Dominican Republic; and Turquoise Ridge in the U.S. (To qualify for tier one status, a mine has to have annual production above 500,000 oz., a mine life of at least ten years, and total cash costs in the bottom half of the industry range.)
Last year, Barrick’s 61.5% share in Carlin attributed 1.02 million oz. gold to the company’s production profile. Cortez (61.5%) contributed 491,000 oz.; Loulo-Gounkoto (80%), 544,000 oz.; Kibali (45%) 364,000 oz.; Pueblo Viejo (60%), 542,000 oz.; and Turquoise Ridge (61.5%) 330,000 ounces.
Barrick merged with Randgold Resources in January 2019. That transaction was followed in July 2019 with the combination of Barrick’s Nevada assets with those of Newmont’s to create Nevada Gold Mines (61.5% owned and operated by Barrick).
In September last year, it bought out the minority shareholders in Acacia Mining and took over its Tanzanian assets.
Barrick’s Toronto-quoted equity has lost about 26% in the past 12 months. The board has tripled the dividend since the fall of 2018 and is giving investors a bonus payment of US$0.42 per share in 2021. Barrick Gold finished 2020 with zero net debt.
The Kibali gold mine in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Credit: Barrick Gold.
Barrick expects 2021 gold production to be in the range of 4.4 to 4.7 million ounces.
The company’s gold production in the second half will be higher than the first owing to mine sequencing at Nevada Gold Mines, commissioning of the Phase 6 leach pad at Veladero by month-end, as well as Bulyanhulu operations ramping up.
Buzwagi remains on track to enter closure starting from the third quarter.
Barrick’s guidance continues to exclude Porgera, which in 2019 produced 284,000 oz gold. On April 9, the Papua New Guinea government and Barrick Niugini Limited, the 95% owner and operator of the Porgera joint venture, agreed on a partnership for the future ownership and operation of the Porgera mine.
Porgera has been on care and maintenance since April 2020, when the government declined to renew its special mining lease
Total attributable group gold resources increased in 2020, net of depletion and excluding the impact of selling Massawa. Including reserves and reported at a gold price of US$1,500 per oz., attributable measured and indicated resources stood at 3.3 billion tonnes, grading 1.52 grams gold per tonne for 160 million ounces. It has a further 980 million tonnes at 1.4 grams gold per tonne for 43 million oz. inferred.
Nutrien
Market cap: C$43.16 billion ($35.78 billion)
Allan potash mine south of Saskatoon, Canada. (Image courtesy ofNutrien.)
Nutrien (TSX: NTR; NYSE: NTR) was formed in a 2018 merger between Potash Corp. of Saskatchewan — the world’s largest potash producer — and Agrium, a retail supplier of agricultural products and services.
Today, Nutrien is the world’s largest crop inputs and services provider — producing potash, nitrogen and phosphate products — and has some of the world’s highest quality and lowest-cost crop nutrient production assets combined with an extensive agricultural distribution network.
Nutrien has announced it will increase potash production by 500,000 tonnes this year on the back of newly imposed trade sanctions on Belarus. The boost, which will bring total annual sales volumes to 13.8 million tonnes, comes on top of the half million-tonne output increase the world’s biggest fertilizer company announced on June 7.
Potash prices have risen this year on tightening supply and growing demand, as increasing crop prices are spurring farmers to use more fertilizer to maximize yields.
Nutrien’s integrated business model provides a diversified earnings base, underpinned by stable growth in Nutrien Ag Solutions and earnings torque from potash, nitrogen and phosphate. This integrated model generates strong free cash flow and facilitates efficient capital allocation to grow its business while maintaining a solid balance sheet.
Nutrien generated $1.8 billion in free cash flow in 2020.
The board has approved an increase in the quarterly dividend to $0.46 per share, the third dividend increase in three years with an annualized pay-out at $1.84 per share.
Agnico Eagle Mines
Market cap: C$21.06 billion ($17.46 billion)
Drilling underground at the Amruq deposit in Nunavut. Credit: Agnico Eagle Mines.
Agnico Eagle Mines (TSX: AEM; NYSE: AEM) has declared a cash dividend every year since 1983. It has mines in Canada, Finland and Mexico and in 2019 brought two new mines into production in the Canadian Arctic.
The company has two producing mines in Nunavut — the Meadowbank complex and the Meliadine mine. In Quebec, it owns the La Ronde complex, Goldex, and Canadian Malartic mines; in Mexico, the La India, Pinos Altos and Creston Mascota mines; and in Finland, the Kittila mine. Its exploration projects include Hammond Reef in north-western Ontario; Kirkland Lake in north-eastern Ontario; Odyssey, East Gouldie and East Malartic in Quebec; and Santa Gertrudis in Mexico’s Sonora state.
As of December 31, Agnico Eagle had more than 24 million oz. gold in 347.77 million tonnes grading 2.15 grams per tonne in proven and probable reserves — one of the highest mineral reserve grades among its North American peers. The company’s goal is to maintain its global reserves at about ten times its annual gold production rate.
Payable gold output totalled 1.74 million oz. gold (including 36,416 oz. of pre-commercial gold production from the IVR pit at Amaruq, the Tiriganiaq open pit at Meliadine, and the Barnat pit at Canadian Malartic).
In 2021, payable gold production is expected to be about 2.05 million ounces. The guidance does not include production from the newly acquired Hope Bay gold project in Nunavut.
First Quantum Minerals
Market cap: C$20.39 billion ($16.9 billion)
Loading a haul truck. Credit: First Quantum Minerals.
First Quantum Minerals (TSX: FM) is an international mining company that has grown through a combination of exploring, developing, operating, and acquiring mining projects or companies with interests in mining activities. The company produces copper in concentrate, copper anode, copper cathode, nickel, gold, zinc, silver, acid and pyrite.
The company has grown from an initial operation reprocessing tailings facilities in Zambia to the recently completed multibillion-dollar Cobre Panama operation.
For the full year 2020, the company reported a comparative loss of C$46 million ($0.07 per share) despite achieving its highest-ever annual copper output at 778,911 tonnes, up 11% year-on-year.
Last year, Sentinel in Zambia performed exceptionally well and was a significant contributor to that record production. Cobre Panama, in Panama, experienced a period of preservation and safe maintenance related to the coronavirus but still performed well, ramping back up to full production in early August.
First Quantum expects its 2021 copper production to grow to more than 785,000 tonnes, increasing to 805,000 to 860,000 tonnes in 2022 and 820,000 to 880,000 tonnes in 2023.
First Quantum has significant nickel resources that complement its world-class copper operations, underpinned by Ravensthorpe and the Enterprise nickel project in Zambia. Enterprise is a 100% owned, largely constructed, high-grade nickel sulphide project located 15 km from the company’s Sentinel mine. The four million tonne per year process plant at Enterprise was completed in 2016 and was temporarily used to process copper ore during the commissioning of Sentinel. Enterprise is expected to produce an average of 28,000 tonnes of nickel concentrate per year over an estimated 11-year mine life.
The company anticipates that Enterprise’s high-grade concentrate will be suitable to feed into the battery metals supply chain. Dewatering and preliminary pre-strip works will commence at Enterprise in 2021, anticipating the company making a final decision to proceed with the project later this year.
Teck Resources
Market cap: C$15.9 billion ($13.2 billion)
Teck Resources’ Carmen de Andacollo copper operation in central Chile. Credit: Teck Resources.
Teck Resources (TSX: TECK.B; NYSE: TECK) is focused on steelmaking coal, copper, zinc and energy and owns or has interests in 11 operating mines, a large metallurgical complex and several major development projects in the Americas.
It is the world’s second-largest seaborne exporter of steelmaking coal, with five operations in Western Canada. It is a significant copper producer in the Americas, with four operating mines in Canada, Chile and Peru and copper development projects in North and South America.
Teck is also one of the world’s largest producers of mined zinc, with two operating mines in the U.S. and Peru, and owns one of the world’s most significant fully integrated zinc and lead smelting and refining facilities in Canada.
In addition, the company has an interest in the Fort Hills oil sands mine in Alberta.
Its steelmaking coal operations include Cardinal River, Fording River, Greenhills, Line Creek and Elkview.
Its copper portfolio includes Highland Valley Copper, Antamina, Quebrada Blanca and Carmen de Andacollo. Its zinc assets are Red Dog and Trail and energy assets Fort Hills.
Last year, the Vancouver-headquartered company posted revenues of C$8.95 billion and cash flow from operations of C$1.56 billion. Adjusted EBITDA came in at C$2.57 billion, with adjusted profit attributable to shareholders of C$561 million.
Teck’s liquidity stood at C$6.5 billion as of February 17.
The company expects to produce 275,000 to 290,000 tonnes copper in 2021, 585,000 to 610,000 tonnes zinc, 300,000 to 310,000 tonnes refined zinc and 25.5 million to 26.5 million tonnes coking coal.
Kirkland Lake Gold
Market cap: C$14.09 billion ($11.68 billion)
A gold pour at Kirkland Lake’s Detour Lake gold mine. Credit: Aidas Odonelis/Kirkland Lake Gold.
Kirkland Lake Gold (TSX: KL; NYSE: KL) operates two of the highest-grade gold mines in the world, the Macassa mine in Ontario, Canada, and its Fosterville mine in the state of Victoria, Australia. It also produces gold at its Holt complex — a trio of mines (Holt, Taylor and Holloway) in Ontario.
In January 2020, the company completed the all-share acquisition of Detour Gold, adding Detour’s mine in northern Ontario to its portfolio of producing assets. The transaction added 14.8 million oz. gold in open pit reserves to its reserve base and exploration targets within its 1,040 sq. km land position in the Abitibi Greenstone belt.
All three of the company’s primary mines — Macassa, Fosterville and Detour — feature free-cash-flow generating operations, in-mine growth potential and regional exploration upside.
Kirkland Lake expects its Detour Lake open pit mine in northern Ontario to reach a gold output rate of 900,000 oz. a year by 2032, based on its latest life-of-mine plan for the asset.
Total gold production in 2020 was 1.37 million oz., with Fosterville besting its 2020 production guidance of 590,000 to 610,000 oz., while output from both Detour Lake and Macassa came in slightly below their respective forecasts for 520,000 to 540,000 oz. and 210,000 to 220,000 ounces.
The company also forecasts average gold production of 680,000 to 720,000 oz. a year between 2021 and 2024, increasing to 800,000 oz. in 2025.
Kirkland Lake also entered a strategic partnership with Orefinders Resources (ORX: TSXV) and Mistango River Resources (CSE: MIS), allowing the two Canadian juniors to unlock their full potential exploration-stage assets.
Under earn-in option agreements, Kirkland Lake Gold will have the option to acquire up to an undivided 50% interest in Orefinder’s Mirado, McGarry, and Knight and Mistango’s Kirkland West and Omega projects over five years, and is contingent on Kirkland Lake spending a total of $20 million in the ground. During this period, Orefinders and Mistango will continue to operate their respective projects.
Kinross Gold’s (TSX: K; NYSE: KGC) mines in the Americas, Russia and West Africa delivered 2.37 million gold-equivalent oz. at a production cost of sales of $723 per gold-equivalent oz. last year, generating over $1.2 billion in adjusted operating cash flow. It ended 2020 with total liquidity of more than $2.8 billion.
The company has mines in the Americas: Fort Knox (U.S.); Round Mountain (U.S.); Bald Mountain (U.S.); and Paracatu (Brazil). It has two operating mines in West Africa: Tasiast in Mauritania and Chirano in Ghana, and two mines in Russia: Kupol and Dvoinoye.
Its three largest mines – Paracatu (Brazil), Kupol (Russia) and Tasiast (Mauritania) — produced 62% of the company’s total ounces and were the lowest-cost mines in the portfolio in 2020.
Kinross also added last year 5.7 million oz. to its reserve estimates after depletion as a result of successful exploration and mine optimization programs. Kinross made good progress at its development projects, including Tasiast 24k and La Coipa, and added to its portfolio to acquire the Chulbatkan and Peak projects.
Construction at the Fort Knox Gilmore project was completed on time and under budget, and the company continued to advance Udinsk and Lobo-Marte.
Kinross expects production in 2021 of 2.4 million gold-equivalent oz., in line with 2020 production. In 2022 and 2023, annual production is expected to increase to about 2.7 million gold-equivalent oz. and 2.9 million gold-equivalent oz., respectively. Kinross expects to produce an average of 2.5 million oz. annually to 2029.
Ivanhoe Mines
Market cap: C$10.61 billion ($8.8 billion)
Jumbo drill in a 10-metre high by 7.5-metre wide high grade stope at Kakula. Credit: Ivanhoe Mines.
Ivanhoe Mines (TSX: IVN; US-OTC: IVPAF) has a portfolio of Tier 1 copper, zinc and platinum group metals projects in sub-Saharan Africa.
Most recently, on May 26 and months ahead of schedule, it began producing copper concentrate at its Kamoa-Kakula project in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) as the metal continues to trade close to all-time highs. It was the biggest new mine to do so since Escondida in Chile in November 1990.
The Kamoa-Kakula project is independently ranked as the world’s fourth-largest copper deposit by international mining consultant Wood Mackenzie. Kamoa-Kakula is a strategic partnership between Ivanhoe Mines (39.6%), Zijin Mining Group (39.6%), Crystal River Global Limited (0.8%) and the DRC government (20%).
Kamoa-Kakula is being developed in five phases of 3.8 million tonnes (phase two has been brought forward to the third quarter of 2022) for a total ore processing capacity of 19 million tonnes per year.
Grade at Kamoa-Kakula declines steadily over the five phases as per the preliminary economic assessment, averaging between 3%-4% during the second half of its 47-year mine life. Still, even then, Kamoa-Kakula would be by far the richest copper mine of any size on the planet.
Ivanhoe’s DRC exploration group targets Kamoa-Kakula-style copper mineralization through a regional exploration and drilling program on its 90%- and 100%-owned Western Foreland exploration licences, close to the Kamoa-Kakula project, which appear to host even higher copper grades.
The Kipushi zinc-copper-germanium-silver mine, also in the DRC, is based on the high-grade, underground zinc-copper mine in the Central African Copperbelt, which mined about 60 million tonnes grading 11% zinc and 7% copper between 1924 and 1993.
On July 30, 2018, Ivanhoe announced a new resource estimate for Kipushi that increased zinc-rich measured and indicated resources by 16%, from 10.2 million tonnes to 11.8 million tonnes.
Kamoa-Kakula’s Phase 1, 3.8-Mtpa concentrator and foundations for the Phase 2 concentrator.(Image courtesy of Ivanhoe Mines).
The new estimate also increased Kipushi’s zinc grade from 34.89% to 35.34%, in 40% more tonnes from 1.6 million tonnes to 2.3 million tonnes, with a slight increase in the copper grade from 4.01% to 4.03%.
The updated resource estimate will be used to underpin a definitive feasibility study for Kipushi, which will update and refine the findings of a preliminary feasibility study issued in December 2017.
In addition, Ivanhoe Mines indirectly owns 64% of the Platreef project through its subsidiary, Ivanplats, and is directing all mine development work.
The Platreef 2020 feasibility study updated feasibility results announced in July 2017. The Platreef 2020 feasibility study evaluated the development of a 4.4 million tonne per annum underground mine with two concentrators built in modules of 2.2 million tonnes per year.
Platreef’s current indicated resources are 346 million tonnes grading 3.77 grams per tonne 3PE+gold (1.68 grams per tonne platinum, 1.70 grams per tonne palladium, 0.11 gram per tonne rhodium, 0.28 gram per tonne gold), 0.32% nickel and 0.16% copper at a 2.0 grams per tonne 3PE+gold cut-off grade. These resources contain an estimated 26.8 million oz. of palladium, 25.6 million oz. of platinum, 4.5 million oz. of gold, and 1.8 million oz. of rhodium, plus 4.1 billion lb. nickel and 2.1 billion lb. of copper, at a cut-off grade of 1 gram per tonne.
Cameco
Market cap: C$10 billion ($8.3 billion)
Cameco’s McArthur River uranium mine in Saskatchewan, as seen in 2014. Credit: Cameco.
Cameco’s (TSX: CCO; NYSE: CCJ) operations and investments span the nuclear fuel cycle, from exploration to fuel manufacturing. The company is one of the world’s largest uranium producers with assets on three continents.
It sells uranium and fuel services to nuclear utilities in 12 countries, with sales commitments to supply about 113 million lb. U3O8 and over 53 million kilograms of UF6 conversion services.
Its uranium operations include Cigar Lake, McArthur River/Key Lake and Rabbit Lake in northern Saskatchewan; Inkai in Kazakhstan; and Smith Ranch-Highland in Wyoming and Crow Butte in Nebraska.
The company’s advanced projects include Millennium in northern Saskatchewan and Kintyre and Yeelirrie in Western Australia.
In its fuel services division, Cameco owns the Blind River refinery, the world’s largest uranium refinery; the Port Hope Conversion facility, one of only four commercial suppliers in the western world of uranium hexafluoride (UF6), which is exported to be enriched for use in light water reactors; and Cameco Fuel Manufacturing, the largest Canada-based supplier of components for CANDU reactors.
A core sample from Cameco and Japan-Canada Uranium’s Millennium project. Credit: Cameco
Last year, with many of its uranium mine operations on care and maintenance, it produced five million lb. U3O8 and generated C$57 million in cash from operations. The declining figures reflect continued market weakness, resulting in a net loss attributable to shareholders of C$53 million for the year.
Cameco’s ongoing market discipline and suspension of McArthur River/Key Lake has seen the removal of 18 billion lb. per year of U3O8 from the market.
Due to the uncertainty surrounding covid-19, the company said it would not be in a position to provide an outlook for 2021 until the rate at which it will be able to sustainably operate the Cigar Lake mine is known.
In February, the Supreme Court of Canada dismissed Canada Revenue Agency’s request to appeal a June 2020 decision on a tax dispute involving the company, which Cameco said would “fully and finally” resolve the 2003, 2005 and 2006 tax years in its favour.
Lundin Mining
Market cap: C$9.48 billion ($7.86 billion)
The third-place photo shows a girl using a drilling simulator at Lundin Mining’s Zinkgruvan mine in Sweden. Credit: Lundin Mining.
Lundin Mining is a diversified base metals company. The company is engaged in mining, exploration and development of mineral properties, primarily in Chile, the United States, Portugal, Sweden and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Its business segments include Candeleria, Chapada, Eagle, Neves-Corvo, Zinkgruvan, and Tenke Fungurume, among others.
The company’s geographical segments include Europe, Asia, South America and North America, where it is engaged in producing copper, nickel and zinc. Its operating assets include the Eagle mine located in the United States, the Neves-Corvo mine located in Portugal and the Zinkgruvan mine located in Sweden. It also owns the Candelaria and Ojos del Salado mining complex (Candelaria) located in Chile. It is engaged in drilling on the Elida porphyry project.
The company said that despite pandemic-related hiccups, it is on track to achieve its 2021 production goal of 380,000 to 420,000 oz. of gold.
Lundin recently increased Fruta del Norte’s reserves by 8% to 5.41 million ounces, due to changes in the planned mining method. Based on the new figures, it now expects to produce almost 4.8 million ounces of gold at Fruta del Norte over a 14-year mine life.
Australia’s Kingsgate Consolidated (ASX: KCN) said on Wednesday that Canada’s TDG Gold Corporation (TSX-V: TDG) has agreed to buy the Nueva Esperanza gold-silver exploration project in Chile, for A$69 million ($52m).
As part of the non-binding deal, TD Gold would pay C$25 million ($20m) in cash to Kingsgate once the transaction closes.
The Aussie junior will also receive 4% of TDG’s outstanding common shares calculated on a post-closing basis, with a further C$6.25 million ($5.9m)in cash becoming payable within three months of the completion of a definitive feasibility study.
Additionally, Kingsgate will get C$10 million ($8m) in cash or 10 million TDG shares if and when a decision to mine is made.
Kingsgate said it may use the transaction proceedings to possibly restart operations in Thailand
The Sydney-based company said the completion of a transaction for the Nueva Esperanza project would ensure its financial security.
It added that the flexibility of the agreement with TD Gold would provide Kingsgate options around the ongoing negotiations with Thailand related to its Chatree gold mine.
In 2016, the Thai government closed Chatree, the country’s only operating gold mine, over allegations of arsenic contamination.
The company noted it may use the transaction proceedings to possibly restart operations in Thailand if a negotiated settlement could be achieved and all licences and permits were granted.
Chile’s gold hope
Nueva Esperanza (meaning New Hope) is one of five gold projects set to begin operations in Chile over the next two years. The other ones are Kinross Gold’s (TSX: K; NYSE: KGC) La Coipa Restart, Yamana Gold’s (TSX: YRI; NYSE: AUY; LSE: AUY) El Peñón expansion, Rio2’s (TSXV: RIO; US-OTC: RIOFF) Fenix.
Together they promise to revive the Maricunga gold belt, one of South America’s top mining districts and reverse the sharp decline in Chile’s gold industry over the last decade.
Chile’s gold production peaked in 2000 at 54.1 tonnes, data from the country’s copper commission, Cochilco, shows. The nation, the No.1 copper producer and second-largest lithium producer after Australia, was one of the world’s 20 top gold producing nations between 2011 and 2013, but has since been displaced by neighbours Peru and Argentina.
With the closure of Kinross Gold’s La Coipa and Maricunga mines in 2013 and 2016, respectively, gold production dropped from more than 1.8 million ounces in 2013 to less than 1.3 million ounces last year.
Copper mines now account for the bulk of the country’s bullion production rather than primary gold mines.
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Cela pourrait ressembler à une mauvaise blague, mais c’est pourtant très sérieux : des chercheurs de l’université d’Otago en Nouvelle-Zélande ont mis au point un dispositif magnétique appelé DentalSlim Diet Control qui se fixe sur les dents et empêche la bouche de s’ouvrir de plus de deux...
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Un homme de 65 ans est le premier cas décrit d'une thrombose atypique suite à l'injection d'un vaccin à ARNm. Ce type d'effet secondaire rare n'avait été observé, jusque-là, qu'après l'injection des vaccins d'AstraZeneca ou de Johnson & Johnson.
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Vizsla Silver (TSXV: VZLA) faced some challenges when it began its first drill program at its Panuco silver-gold project, in Mexico’s Sinaloa state, in early 2020.
The junior had just signed a $43-million option agreement for Panuco in September 2019, after listing on the TSX Venture Exchange the year before.
“We hadn’t really hit what we were looking for,” said Vizsla president and CEO Michael Konnert in an interview with Canadian Mining Journal. “We were able to find high grade and drill some good ore shoots, but it wasn’t really that home run yet.”
Then came the pandemic, which forced a two-month shutdown of exploration at the 94-sq.-km project.
During that time, the company’s geologists went back to their desks and spent time reviewing their work. That break away from the project paid off when they were able to return to drilling in May, with a focus on the Napoleon vein system and Cordon del Oro vein corridor at Panuco.
“On our second hole back, we made our first discovery at Napoleon and then on our seventh hole we drilled one of the highest grade silver intercepts in recent history in Mexico,” Konnert says.
That second hole, reported last June, cut 8.2 metres of 1,544 g/t silver-equivalent (738.9 g/t silver and 11.06 g/t gold) from 108.6 metres downhole. The interval included a 2-metre section of 3,348 g/t silver-equivalent (453.8 g/t silver and 9.2 g/t gold).
Vizsla Silver chairman Craig Parry and president and CEO Michael Konnert at the Panuco silver-gold project in Sinaloa, Mexico. Credit: Vizsla Silver
The ultra-high-grade hole followed in July, with hole NP-20-07 returning 6 metres of 8,078 g/t silver equivalent (1,808.2 g/t silver, 66.8 g/t gold, 2.99% lead and 3.3% zinc) from 69 metres.
Vizsla now has more than 68,000 metres of drilling under its belt (28,500 metres last year and 40,000 metres for the first half of 2021), as well as C$89 million in its treasury. It also counts Eric Sprott as a major shareholder, with a 12% interest in the company.
The junior is conducting one of the biggest exploration programs in Mexico, with 35 geologists and eight drill rigs onsite at Panuco. In June, it announced it was adding two more rigs for a total of 10.
The bulk of the drilling this year is dedicated to resource drilling in the western portion of the property, with five rigs at the Napoleon and Tajitos veins.
Eric Sprott is a major shareholder, with a 12% interest in the company
But despite the torrid pace of drilling, the company isn’t in a rush to compile an initial resource at Panuco.
“The next step for us is to find the natural edges of mineralization at Napoleon,” Konnert says. “We could put out a resource for Napoleon and Tajitos, but it’s not the right move until we find the natural edges of the mineralization and include all of that in a resource.”
That could happen next year, but Konnert says there’s no set timeline.
So far, Napoleon has a strike length of 3 km, and has been drilled 950 metres along strike and 350 metres at depth. The vein width averages 4 metres true width, but varies up to 15.3 metres. Mineralization plunges shallowly to the south, where it widens and returns higher grades, and is open at depth. Thethree most recent holes drilled at Napoleon, to the south of previous drilling, had an average true width of 7.4 metres with an average weighted grade of 673 g/t silver-equivalent.
Tajitos, which was historically mined, extends for 575 metres of strike and 250 metres depth, and is open to the northeast, southwest, and at depth. The average vein width of mineralization (encountered in 32 drill holes) is 3 metres with a weighted average grade of 505 g/t silver equivalent (329 g/t silver and 2.1 g/t gold).
Vizsla is also conducting exploration drilling on targets (assays are pending for five new targets across four vein corridors) generated by its mapping and prospecting team, and conducting geophysical surveys to identify prospective areas.
Property acquisition
Vizsla’s 2019 option agreement to acquire Panuco, located 45 minutes away from Mazatlan, consolidated a land package that previously was split between two different operators. Over a term of seven years, the earn-in agreement will see the company pay $43 million for the land package.
“The big reason we were able to do it is because silver prices were quite low, $14 or $15 an oz. At those prices, the Mexican companies weren’t making much money,” Konnert says.
The property includes a permitted 500 t/d mill (likely to be expanded), tailings facilities, underground mines, roads, powerlines and permits. The company has the option to accelerate the earn in period.
After an initial resource is established, Vizsla will move onto economic studies.
“The exciting part is that we don’t have to spend two or three years permitting a mill, we don’t have to spend much time permitting a tailings facility, we don’t have to build power lines or roads – all that is there on the property, permitted and operational.”
The epithermal silver-gold project is located in the prolific Sierra Madre Occidental belt. Vizsla describes the geology and mineralization style at Panuco as near identical to First Majestic Silver’s (TSX: FR; NYSE: AG) San Dimas mine (acquired from Primero Mining in 2018 for $320 million), 80 km away in Durango.
While both districts share a history of mining going back centuries, however, Panuco has not seen any modern, systematic exploration until Vizsla came along.
“Sinaloa has been overlooked for exploration,” Konnert says. “I think that’s the only reason that this district was available to us. If it was over the border in Durango or one of the more established mining jurisdictions, I think it would already be in a Fresnillo or a Penoles.”
While Mexico has lost some of its shine for Canadian miners in recent years because of cartel violence, as well as uncertainty stemming from a court case challenging Almaden Minerals’ (TSX: AMM) mining claims in Puebla state, Konnert says Vizsla’s experience with both the local government and communities has been positive.
“We’re happy to be there – we’re thankful for the communities that host us,” he says of Copala and Concordia areas of Sinaloa.
Vizsla Copper
In other news, Vizsla recently received shareholder approval for a spinout of its copper interests – the Blueberry copper project in central British Columbia’s Babine porphyry belt and an option to earn 60% in the Caruthers Pass copper project 200 km north of Smithers. The spinout is expected to be completed in July.
The Inga hydropower scheme in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) could be the key to the green electrification of Africa, according to a new report from Wood Mackenzie.
Could the project also be a catalyst for the development of vast underutilised resources, creating a centre for low carbon metals production? Julian Kettle, WoodMac’s Senior Vice Chair, Metals and Mining, believes so.
Benjamin Franklin, one of the founding fathers of the US, once said that “energy and persistence conquer all things”. Should the potentially truly transformational 40 GW Grand Inga and 4.5-12 GW Inga III projects come to fruition, never will the phrase have seemed more apt, Kettle points out.
The various Inga hydropower projects have been a dream of development planners for decades. Yet their sheer scale, coupled with the complex politics involved, mean their progression and ultimate delivery involve not only far-sighted vision but heroic persistence, Kettle writes.
“And while there is an obvious pun implied by using Franklin’s quote, it is no less true that energy will be required in abundance if the project is to succeed.”
A hydropower project of huge scale
The scale of Inga is immense – both in terms of generating capacity and cost.
The various projects have the potential to dwarf the vast Three Gorges Dam hydro scheme in China, which has an installed capacity of ‘only’ 12GW. Grand Inga alone, Kettle says, would more than double Africa’s hydropower generation capacity. Capital costs for the various Inga schemes are equally eye-watering, ranging up to $100 billion for Inga III and Grand Inga combined.
So will it go ahead? The current status, as Wood Mackenzie reports, is that in June 2020 the DRC government presented the project proposal to African regional heads of state, with the aim of establishing the scale of potential demand. So far, South Africa has indicated a willingness to buy 2.5 GW, with Nigeria indicating interest in procuring 3 GW. A further 1.3 GW is targeting the Katanga mining area in the DRC.
While fully exploiting the potential of the Inga Falls has long been a dream of ambitious development planners, events have recently taken a turn towards reality. In June 2021 it was announced that Australian Fortescue Metals Group mining magnate Andrew ‘Twiggy’ Forrest had been granted, subject to final discussions, exclusive rights to develop the Grand Inga project.
Fortescue Metals Group mining magnate Andrew Forrest had been granted, subject to final discussions, exclusive rights to develop the Grand Inga project
So, what is different now, compared to previous attempts to get the Grand Inga project off the ground?
Firstly, Kettle points out, the world has changed in the wake of the pandemic.
“We are now inexorably locked on a lower carbon trajectory and there is a desire to build back better with a more equal distribution of wealth,” Kettle says.
“Secondly, Andrew Forrest has a vision of a hydrogen future and there are few, if any, undeveloped green energy sources of the scale of Grand Inga. To match action to the rhetoric the Fortescue Metals Group announced the establishment of Fortescue Future Industries, which has been dubbed its ‘green arm’. Press reports have indicated that the Inga development would include the construction of port infrastructure with green hydrogen and green ammonia production facilities.”
A hydropower-fueled paradigm shift in Africa?
While $100 billion is an enormous amount of money, given Inga’s potential impact — and in the context of an estimated $50 trillion total bill for the energy transition — it arguably represents good value, Kettle asserts, adding that there is no doubt that politics will play a huge part in how that value is distributed in terms of supplying the resultant green electrons across the continent.
“Notwithstanding the broader cross-border political wrangling that will no doubt ensue, there is also the important issue of how best to harness Inga’s energy to capture value. Africa has long made clear its ambitions to reduce the export of raw ore and add value to its under-developed natural resource base,” Kettle says.
“Various governments have hatched plans over the years to process ore into metal, thereby creating jobs and keeping more of the wealth within their borders. Many of these plans have failed due to a lack of economic energy supply. Combine the global drive to reduce carbon emissions with the opportunity to supply low-carbon electrons on a scale that can meet continental needs and in my view you create the catalyst for a new paradigm.”
What to do with the green electrons?
Grand plans to convert hydropower into exportable hydrogen or ammonia-based energy will benefit the region while also assisting the carbon reduction strategies of emitters in the steel value chain, amongst others, Kettle writes.
“That may be enough for the incumbent DRC government, but may not meet future political objectives in terms of value share, job creation, decarbonisation and extracting value from underdeveloped natural resources. These four issues are Africa-wide and resolution would require the transmission of Grand Inga’s hydropower across the continent – which is where politics will, once again, rear its head,” he says.
Weaning Africa off hydrocarbon-based power would of course be a positive outcome. There may, however, be an opportunity for something even more visionary and transformative. The immense supply of green energy Inga would generate could be used to enable full value chain conversion of West Africa’s vast iron ore and bauxite deposits.
Iron ore could be converted into ‘green’ steel using a process such as the Hybrit method under development by SSAB, LKAB and Vattenfall in Sweden, Kettle says. This requires an abundance of green hydrogen and green electricity to produce sponge iron — enter stage left Andrew Forrest and his DRC-generated green hydrogen and hydropower.
“On the aluminium front it’s essentially the same story,” Kettle says. Access underdeveloped bauxite resources, then convert to alumina using green power — electrically-heated steam and hydrogen calcination (the latter is under early stage investigation by Rio Tinto in Australia). Conversion into green aluminium would be achieved using inert anode technology.”
Aside from the reduction in direct emissions, a far simpler and shorter supply chain would lower transportation emissions, Kettle emphasizes. There would also be the added benefits of high-value job creation and significant tax receipts.
“Overall, such a strategy could provide an accelerated development path for countries who can, in some instances, feel that they have been used primarily as a source of ore.”
A team of scientists have taken a closer look at the potential environmental hazards of tailings and found the risks greater than previously thought. The team of researchers from Canada, Morocco and Belgium examined tailings samples using the Canadian Light Source (CLS) at the University of Saskatchewan.
The CLS is a national research facility, producing the brightest light in Canada, millions of times brighter than even the sun. It is funded by The Canada Foundation for Innovation, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, National Research Council of Canada, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Saskatchewan government, and the University of Saskatchewan.
The tailings came from the Joutel gold mine, closed since 1994 in northern Quebec. Using the SGM beamline at the CLS and other technologies, the team analyzed weathered samples taken just below the surface of the tails and fresh samples from beneath the water table. Significant differences between them were defined.
The deeper samples were protected by a hardpan layer and not exposed to air or water. They were neutral and posed little environmental risk.
The shallow sample was acid-generating and leached harmful amounts of metals into the groundwater.
The authors concluded that it takes years of weathering to create secondary minerals that develop in tailings. The results also point to the inadequacy of the laboratory tests done 20 years ago to determine the risks of leaving tailings in place after mine closure.
“This story is beautiful because we had conclusions and interpretations from 20 years ago, and our new conclusions challenge them by bringing new insights,” said co-author Mostafa Benzaazou of the Université du Québec en Abitibi-Temiscamingue (UQAT). “This mine site, we know it very deeply now because we had access to high level facilities and research tools. We understand even the complex speciation and fate of the elements. So, we understand the field behaviour of this mine site and the micro-scale behaviour of its tailings.”
The study was led by Dr. Abdellatif Elghali while he was a doctoral student at RIME UQAT-Polytechnique in Montreal. Read the full report here.
Amazon étend un peu plus l’utilisation d’algorithmes pour gérer ses nombreux salariés. Après les employés des entrepôts, c’est au tour des livreurs d’être évalués par une application qui n’hésite pas à les licencier sans sommation si leur note baisse.
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Pour la première fois, des scientifiques ont mis au point un pacemaker qui se dissout dans l'organisme en quelques semaines. Il est aussi sans fil et ne nécessite pas de batterie, ce qui limite certaines complications rencontrées lors de l'implantation ou l'extraction de ces dispositifs.
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Installer un hamac sur un balcon, une terrasse ou dans un jardin pour se relaxer et se détendre est une excellente idée ! Dans votre hamac, vous pourrez lire, faire la sieste, boire votre boisson préférée en vous installant confortablement. Vous pourrez peut-être concrétiser votre rêve grâce à...
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Le vaccin AstraZeneca refait parler de lui avec cette nouvelle étude de l'université d'Oxford qui est de nature à rassurer les pays qui connaissent des problèmes d'approvisionnement : un intervalle de plusieurs mois entre la première et la deuxième dose de vaccin AstraZeneca-Oxford améliore la...
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A recent analysis by IDTechEx presents the case for turning old fossil-fueled power stations, hydro dams and pumped storage on waterways that are drying up into clean energy storage facilities.
The proposal is presented taking into consideration the fact that as renewables grow, so does intermittency. This means that more energy storage – or delayed electricity – is going to be needed.
“Cost reduction of solar generation is the fastest and its increasing share means two problems – dead at night, feeble in winter. Wind power can be dead for weeks in some regions and that only adds to the problem. Lithium-ion batteries currently favoured for stationary storage self-leak over weeks let alone seasons and they are not the easiest to scale to GW levels or improve to 20-year life, easy recycling or even best safety,” Raghu Das, IDTechEx’s CEO, writes in the report.
Siemens Gamesa proposes that its thermal energy storage using volcanic rocks can be used in repurposed power stations, employing the buildings, the steam turbine systems and the power transmission
Das points out the example of Spanish-German wind engineering firm Siemens Gamesa, whose management team has said that its thermal energy storage using volcanic rocks is best at GW levels and capable of storage for weeks. The company is proposing that it can be used in repurposed polluting power stations, employing the buildings, the steam turbine systems and the power transmission.
“At IDTechEx we also see large redox batteries used in such buildings with the existing power transmission,” Das writes in the analysis. “Indeed, gravity storage that erects towers may be ugly in a city but acceptable at existing power stations or up the side of a hydro dam. Liquid-air storage can also go nicely into an obsolete power station. Additionally, the power station buildings and land can be covered in solar panels. Full write-offs are avoided. Permissions are more readily granted than is the case for new industrial sites.”
In the executive’s view, redox flow batteries (RFB) will produce a better-levelized cost of storage (LCOS) than lithium-ion in some of the new demand scenarios because they require fewer expensive materials, have a longer life, are repairable, and do not fade over the years.
“For stationary energy storage, RFB may have the second-largest sales in 2031 after lithium-ion batteries. The world is running short of pumped storage sites and their approval and erection are pitifully long. Lithium-ion batteries suffer ongoing shortages of raw materials and, like pumped storage, their environmental credentials are increasingly questioned. Lift-off in solar-house batteries and electric vehicles will aggravate lithium-ion shortages,” Das predicts.
Within this context, the analyst sees another solution in gravity storage, which works by using excess energy from the grid to raise a mass to generate gravitational potential energy, which is then dropped to convert potential energy into electricity through an electric generator.
Das believes that gravity storage solutions could even employ on-site the trashed smokestacks and cooling towers of obsolete power stations.
A project to build the United Kingdom’s first large-scale commercial lithium refinery received this week £1.6 million in seed round funding, closing at more than five times the initial target amount requested by Green Lithium, the company behind the initiative.
The cash injection adds up to the £600,000 the firm had already received from the UK Government’s Automotive Transformation Fund back in April.
According to Green Lithium, the seed round capital will be used to fund raw material laboratory test-work analyses, which are already underway; planning and environmental scoping and baseline surveys; ground investigation; and other activities relating to the early development phase of the project.
Green Lithium’s goal is to build and operate a 50,000 tonne-per-annum refinery that will produce enough lithium hydroxide to enable the manufacturing of more than 1 million EVs per year
In a media statement, the London-based company said its goal is to build and operate a 50,000 tonne-per-annum refinery that will produce enough lithium hydroxide to enable the manufacturing of more than 1 million electric vehicles per year.
Green Lithium also said that its plan is to use an industry-leading, sustainable and low-carbon refining process that offers an alternative to the traditional route of sulphuric acid roasting and leaching via the caustic process. The development is expected to connect the UK’s and Europe’s lithium battery and cell manufacturers with abundant international sources of raw lithium material.
“The electric vehicle revolution, which will be crucial in the transition to ‘net-zero,’ requires a significant increase and diversification in the supply of low-carbon, battery-grade lithium hydroxide,” Richard Taylor, founding director at Green Lithium, said in the press brief. “It is estimated that growth of more than 400% in supply is needed over the next 10 years, however current and planned refining capacity will fall short in achieving this. Green Lithium intends to help meet what would otherwise be unmet demand in an underserved market. The fact that our seed funding round was more than five times oversubscribed reflects the scale and attractiveness of the opportunity.”
The company has inked a definitive share purchase agreement to issue 20 million shares to privately-held Carpo Resources for its Era Resources and Yandera project.
The move follows Freeport’s acquisition of the Star Mountains copper-gold project in the Western Province of PNG, 25km from Ok Tedi.
The Vancouver-based junior noted the Yandera transaction did “not constitute a fundamental acquisition”. For that reason, the company does not expect to assume any material liabilities or devote the majority of its working capital or resources to the development of Carpo or Yandera.
Based on a 2017 prefeasibility study on Yandera, the asset has measured and indicated resources of 727 million tonnes at 0.39% copper-equivalent, an inferred 231Mt million tonnes at 0.32% Cu-eq and probable reserves of 541Mt grading 0.39% Cu-eq.
Freeport other projects are all in Canada — Red Rose tungsten-gold-copper project in British Columbia and Hutton garnet sand in Labrador.
Shareholders of both Fortuna Silver Mines (NYSE: FSM) (TSX: FVI) and fellow Canadian Roxgold (TSX: ROXG) have approved the business combination of the companies in an all-share deal valued at about C$1 billion ($884.32 million)
The deal, first announced on April 26, will see current Fortuna and former Roxgold shareholders owning about 63.6% and 36.4% of the outstanding Fortuna Shares, respectively.
Vancouver-based Fortuna, which has operations in Peru, Mexico and Argentina, has said the combined company would produce about 450,000 ounces of gold equivalent a year.
The companies said the transaction, expected to close on July 2, creates a global premier growth-oriented intermediate gold and silver producer.
The transaction, expected to close on July 2, creates a global premier growth-oriented intermediate gold and silver producer.
Bank of America analyst Michael Jalonen predicted in a note early this year another round of consolidation for the industry in 2021 among small to medium-size gold miners.
Jalonen and his team noted that gold reserves have been falling since 2012, while gold output has remained stable. They added that an effective method to replenish depleted reserves was mergers and acquisitions.
Another Canadian miner, Equinox Gold (TSX, NYSE: EQX) acquired in December Premier Gold Mines, spinning out the Nevada assets in a new US-focused gold miner — i-80 Gold Corp. The new company began trading in Toronto in early April under the symbol IAU.
Most recently, Scottie Resources (TSX-V: SCOT) and AUX Resources (TSX-V: AUX) announced a potential merger that would consolidate the two companies’ gold-silver holdings in the Stewart mining camp in British Columbia’s Golden Triangle.
Junior Stratabound Minerals (TSX-V: SB), which is advancing its Golden Culvert project in southeastern Yukon, is also in the process of acquiring California Gold Mining (CNSX: CGM) and its Fremont gold project in the US.
Deux paquets d'ondes gravitationnelles particulièrement intéressants ont été détectés en janvier 2020 sur Terre. Les membres des collaborations Ligo, Virgo et Kagra pensent qu'il s'agissait des premières signatures convaincantes de collisions entre étoiles à neutrons et trous noirs.
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Alors que les distributeurs de billets de banque avec lecteur sans contact débarquent en France, un expert est parvenu à « planter » un DAB via la puce NFC de son smartphone Android. Explications.
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Aménager sa terrasse ou son jardin est une façon de passer du bon temps chez soi, seul ou accompagné de ses amis. Réussir son aménagement extérieur n'est pas toujours facile, c'est pourquoi aujourd'hui nous vous présentons une promotion qui pourra certainement embellir votre petit coin de...
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Le vaccin AstraZeneca refait parler de lui avec cette nouvelle étude de l'université d'Oxford qui est de nature à rassurer les pays qui connaissent des problèmes d'approvisionnement : un intervalle de plusieurs mois entre la première et la deuxième dose de vaccin AstraZeneca-Oxford améliore la...
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Avec la période estivale et le climat qui devient de plus en plus chaud, nous sentons de plus en plus le besoin de nous équiper d'objets tel qu'un climatiseur mobile. Si vous êtes à un recherche d'un bon plan ou d'une offre intéressante c'est le moment d'en profiter ! Actuellement le climatiseur...
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Vous avez l'impression de manquer de temps ? Déléguer les tâches ménagères à un aspirateur robot peut vous faire gagner beaucoup de temps au quotidien. Gardez votre maison bien au propre sans faire d'effort ! Sur Amazon, c'est le moment de profiter d'une réduction sur le robot aspirateur laveur...
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Des chercheurs ont mesuré la concentration plasmatique en arginine dans le sang de patients atteints de Covid-19 et de sujets sains. Les résultats suggèrent qu'il y a bien un impact de la maladie sur le taux d'arginine dans le sang.
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Le fameux forfait 200 Go à 9,99 €/mois de Cdiscount Mobile fait son grand retour pour ce mois de juin. L’offre promotionnelle a été lancée la semaine dernière et prendra fin aujourd'hui le 29 juin. Faîtes vite pour en profiter car il vous reste que quelques heures.
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Vous avez besoin de vous rafraîchir ? Pendant les jours chauds, utiliser un bon appareil pour rester au frais est une bonne astuce. Les ventilateurs sont de plus en plus esthétiques et efficaces, ces appareils sont plus économiques qu'un climatiseur. Le ventilateur Dyson AM07 est disponible à...
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L’essai du médecin Jean-David Zeitoun « la Grande Extension, une histoire de la santé » raconte l’histoire d’une anomalie. Celle de l’amélioration spectaculaire de l’espérance de vie humaine, en seulement trois siècles ; mais aussi l’éventuelle baisse de la santé, au XXIe siècle.
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Vivo et le spécialiste de l’optique de précision Zeiss ont développé ensemble l’optique du nouveau X60 Pro, un puissant smartphone doué pour la photo, intégrant un redoutable système de stabilisation, totalement inédit.
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Généralement, les éoliennes sont bien alignées sur les cimes des montagnes. Pourtant, implanter des turbines juste derrière une petite colline pourrait être bien plus avantageux, selon une étude de l’université de Twente aux Pays-Bas et publiée dans Renewable Energy. Plus exactement, la position...
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Un robot chinois, identique à celui utilisé sur la Lune et Mars, va récolter des données climatiques sur les glaciers tibétains. Un environnement parfois encore plus difficile que l’espace dans lequel le robot devra déployer toutes ses capacités.
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As the pace and shape of the green transition is fast becoming one of the key themes for the global economy, copper will experience a surge in demand over 2021-2030, earning a spot on market analyst Fitch Solutions’ list of commodities of the future.
Currently, demand for copper can be broken down into three broad categories: building construction, infrastructure and manufacturing.
However, Fitch notes, the demand profile for copper will change as decarbonisation goals accelerate in 2021, and lead to much more demand from the energy and automotive sectors.
Fitch forecasts green copper as a percentage of total copper demand to rise from approximately 5.6% in 2021 to 15.7% in 2030
Fitch has quantified the impact of the green transition on copper demand, and subsequently revised up its global demand assumptions.
Going forward, Fitch believes that green demand from the power and renewables sector as well as autos will each account for 7.9% of total copper demand by 2030. Estimates are based on forecasts from Fitch’s Power & Renewables and Autos teams.
As a result of greater energy transition, Fitch forecasts green copper as a percentage of total copper demand to rise from approximately 5.6% in 2021 to 15.7% in 2030. Growing from a forecast 1.4mnt in 2021 to 5.4mnt in 2030, Fitch expects green copper demand to average annual growth of 13.0% y-o-y over the next 10 years.
The two most important areas of green copper demand growth: renewable energy and vehicle electrification.
The renewables sector will account for the strongest green copper demand growth over our forecast period, Fitch says, as it is 12 times more copper intensive than traditional energy systems. The renewable energy sector will account for an average 62% of annual green copper demand between 2021 and 2030 and approximately 7.9% of total copper demand by 2030, up from an estimated 5.1% in 2020. However, Fitch notes, its market share will narrow as EV production continues to scale up towards the end of the decade.
Renewable energy will be the dominant contributor to green copper demand over Fitch’s forecast period, accounting for an average 62% of annual green copper demand between 2021 and 2030.
The renewables sector will boost copper demand via large net capacity additions in wind, hydro and solar power sub- sectors.
According to the Copper Alliance, wind turbines require between 2.5 tonnes and 6.4 tonnes of copper per MW for the generator, cabling and transformers. Photovoltaic solar power systems use approximately 5.5 tonnes of copper per MW.
Fitch‘s Power & Renewables team believes that the largest renewables capacity addition will happen in China, India and the US.
Atlantic Canada-focused gold juniors are driving an exploration boom in provinces not previously noted for their gold production. The increasing sentiment has one analyst calling for caution as the market froths up.
“Beware the arm wavers as momentum sweeps the provinces,” Joe Mazumdar, editor and analyst at Exploration Insights, says in an interview.
“Beware the arm wavers as momentum sweeps the provinces.”
Joe Mazumdar, editor and analyst at Exploration Insights
“Many of the juniors that had made discoveries recently are trading at very high market caps while they still have no resource statements underpinning anything. That’s where we’re at right now. Newfoundland landholders are suddenly getting a premium for just having ground near prospective areas. Anyone who has got ground has the ability to raise capital due to their location and, in addition, Eric Sprott and the retail market are very keen on the area.”
Mazumdar says the region could play host to more consolidation. “Companies like Newfound Gold with a market cap of $1.77 billion would probably look to consolidate. So that might be a good use of paper,” he says.
For comparison, it is interesting that Great Bear Resources (TSX: GBR; US-OTC: GTBAF) is about three years in from discovering Dixie, and choosing to continue drilling before releasing a mineral resource estimate continues to see it attract a market capitalization of $830 million.
La machine à laver est devenue indispensable, elle se décline dans de nombreux modèles. La machine à laver hublot est dotée d'une ouverture frontale et peut avoir une grande capacité pouvant aller jusqu'à 15 kg. Sur Cdiscount le lave-linge hublot Hotpoint AQ114D497SDEUN Aqualtis est en...
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A team of researchers from Curtin University, the University of Western Australia and the China University of Geoscience discovered that tiny amounts of gold can be trapped inside pyrite, making ‘fool’s gold’ more valuable than its name suggests.
In a paper published in the journal Geology, the scientists present an in-depth analysis to better understand the mineralogical location of the trapped gold in pyrite. This review – they believe -may lead to more environmentally friendly gold extraction methods.
According to the group, this new type of ‘invisible’ gold has not been previously recognized and is only observable using a scientific instrument called an atom probe.
The gold is hosted in nanoscale defects called dislocations – one hundred thousand times smaller than the width of a human hair
“Previously gold extractors have been able to find gold in pyrite either as nanoparticles or as a pyrite-gold alloy, but what we have discovered is that gold can also be hosted in nanoscale crystal defects, representing a new kind of ‘invisible’ gold,” lead researcher Denis Fougerouse said in a media statement.
According to Fougerouse, the more deformed the crystal is, the more gold there is locked up in defects.
The scientist explained that the gold is hosted in nanoscale defects called dislocations – one hundred thousand times smaller than the width of a human hair – and this is why it can only be observed using atom probe tomography.
Following their discovery, Fougerouse and his colleagues decided to look for a process that allowed them to extract the precious metal using less energy than traditional pressure oxidizing techniques.
Selective leaching, which involves using a fluid to selectively dissolve the gold from the pyrite, seemed like the best choice.
“Not only do the dislocations trap the gold, but they also behave as fluid pathways that enable the gold to be ‘leached’ without affecting the entire pyrite,” the researcher said.
The Swiss company expects to pay $588 million in cash for the combined 66.6% stake owned by Anglo and BHP when the deal completes in the first half of 2022.
Based on expected operating performance, current coal prices and assuming the closing happens as planned, Glencore said it’d likely pay only $230 million. This, it said, would make the estimated investment payback period less than two years from closing.
“Glencore has been involved with Cerrejón for more than 20 years [and] we know the asset well,” outgoing chief executive Ivan Glasenberg said in the statement.
The move marks Anglo American’s complete exit from thermal coal
“Disposing of fossil fuel assets and making them someone else’s issue is not the solution and it won’t reduce absolute emissions,” he said, adding he was confident the company would manage the decline of its fossil fuel portfolio in a responsible manner and consistent with the Paris agreement goals.
BHP had announced its intention to sell off its thermal-coal operations by the end of 2022. The mining giant said it expects a further impairment charge of around $80 million post-tax will be recognized as an exceptional item in the second half of fiscal 2021.
Cerrejón is one of the world’s largest surface mining operations, extracting high-quality thermal coal for the export market. Glencore sees production volumes at the mine declining materially by 2030.
Decline has already begun. The mine produced 12.4 million tonnes of coal in 2020, down almost 52% from 2019, and its exports fell to their lowest level in the past 18 years amid coronavirus restrictions and weak global demand for the fossil fuel.
Despite the expected fall in output, the acquisition of Cerrejón will boost Glencore’s thermal coal production to about 125 million tonnes this year, from earlier guidance of 110 million tonnes.
Zero emissions by 2050
Instead of exiting coal, Glencore has committed to run down its assets by 2050, which will allow it to reach its net-zero emissions goal. That pledge includes so-called scope 3 emissions, produced when customers burn or process the materials the company mines.
The company has also set a short-term emissions reduction target of 15% by 2026 from 2019 levels.
Glasenberg, who retires on Wednesday, has long argued the company, the world’s biggest exporter of thermal coal, was better off running down its mines and using them as a source of cash to expand production of other raw materials such as cobalt, copper and nickel, which will be needed as the world shifts to cleaner forms of energy.
Should that approach fail to win over investors, Glasenberg has said he’ll support his successor, Gary Nagle, in spinning off its coal business.
Zhurong. Cela fait maintenant plus d’un mois qu’il est arrivé à la surface de Mars. Et l’Administration spatiale nationale chinoise (CNSA) vient de publier un premier enregistrement sonore. Un enregistrement sur lequel on entend le rover descendre de sa plateforme et faire ses premiers tours de...
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Avez-vous déjà pensé à installer un climatiseur chez vous ? En cas de forte chaleur, il est utile pour vous permettre de gagner en confort de vie. Préparez-vous à rafraîchir votre espace de vie pour être bien au frais pendant les jours de canicule. Le climatiseur mobile réversible Airton est en...
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À partir du 1er juillet, les déplacements dans l’Union européenne seront simplifiés grâce à un nouveau pass sanitaire valable dans l’ensemble des pays membres. Même s’il n’est pas obligatoire pour passer les frontières, il permettra d’éviter certaines mesures comme la quarantaine.
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Vous souhaitez exploiter le potentiel de vos espaces extérieurs ? C'est à la portée de tous, vous pourrez inviter vos amis et profiter pleinement de ce moment au grand air ! Ce bon plan va vous plaire, le salon de jardin MALAGA est en promotion sur Cdiscount, il passe de 859 € à 632,69 €Cliquez...
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Free Mobile a répondu présent face aux promos que Sosh, B&You et RED By SFR qui ont été lancées la fin de la semaine passée en bradant le prix de son forfait 80 Go au prix de 9,99€ / mois : Une offre sans engagement très attractive. L'opérateur de Xavier Niel vous laisse jusqu'au 29...
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Selon les calculs de chercheurs, fabriquer des protéines à partir d’air et d’électricité permettrait d’économiser 90 % d’espace sur Terre par rapport à l’agriculture, et ainsi de diminuer la pression environnementale sur la Planète. Vraie solution ou miroir aux alouettes ?
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Pour rester au frais cet été, les climatiseurs mobiles sont très efficaces ! C'est un appareil que l'on peut facilement ranger pendant l'hiver et il est peu encombrant. Pour vous aider à être prêt avant les jours de canicule, on vous a déniché un bon plan qui pourra certainement vous aiguillez...
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L'université d'Oxford a annoncé dimanche avoir commencé à injecter à des volontaires un vaccin mis au point avec AstraZeneca contre le variant bêta (le variant sud-africain) du coronavirus, dans le cadre d'essais cliniques destinés à mesurer son efficacité.Elle a précisé dans un communiqué...
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